My feedback on the forum

 Marketing is important because it helps you sell your products or services. The bottom line of any business is to make money and marketing is an essential channel to reach that end goal. Creativs explained that without marketing many businesses wouldn't exist because marketing is ultimately what drives sales

Small Medium Enterprises breathe life in economy

 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of Europe's economy. They represent 99% of all businesses in the EU. They employ around 100 million people, account for more than half of Europe's GDP and play a key role in adding value in every sector of the economy. non-subsidiary, independent firms which employ fewer than a given number of employees. ... Small firms are generally those with fewer than 50 employees, while micro-enterprises have at most 10, or in some cases 5, workers 

Share your opinions and solutions to make the cooperative more attractive? Please answer in the comments column by including the student's blog address as a personal assignment.

Supportive environment

Sound advance planning

Real economic benefits for members

Skilled management

Belief in co-op concepts

Grassroots development and leadership

Financially self-sustaining

Innovation and adaptation

Effective structure and operations

Networking with other co-ops

Communications

Common member interests

Education

Co-ops, much more than corporations, closely reflect the lives and thoughts of the member-owners. If the common interests of the members and the interests of the co-op move apart, the co-op dies.

Post Covid 19 and SMEs, What Support will be Needed

Because of the Coronavirus pandemic, medium and small companies have been affected by many damages from the economy side from several aspects, the most prominent of which is from the supply and demand side. First, let us speak from the supply side, as companies are experiencing suffering from workers, as workers are affected due to business interruption and stoppage due to the pandemic and thus they occupy the care of their families and children because of The suspension of schools that used to employ children On the other hand, the Corona pandemic affected the use of goods due to the closure and quarantine that caused a decrease in the production of goods in general.

Secondly, on the demand side, the Coronavirus pandemic has also greatly affected the demand, especially for medium and small companies, due to the forced cessation of business due to people's fear of contracting this virus, and therefore we are witnessing a great crisis as these companies were forced to lay off many workers due to the inability to pay their salaries due to the lack of income for these companies Consequently, workers are very afraid to continue their lives that have become threatening and to think about where they can provide their daily needs, not only them, but also companies. Their situation is not good because of the stopping demand for their goods.

From my personal point of view it is that governments should intervene immediately to help companies and workers and to search for solutions to reduce these problems, which I believe are a major duty of the government. The government must fully support and support, otherwise, medium and small companies will be unable to stand again and this is the most difficult conclusion that Have a breakdown for them.

Systematic paper on the analysis of batik SMEs

 Ala Yahya Alamrani 01219173

Systematic paper on the analysis of batik SMEs

main batik techniques:

·         First, the hand-drawn wax hand: which is the production of hand-painted waxed batik, which is hand-drawn in a distinctive way, for example by coating wax on the cloth.

·         Second, hand sealed: It is a traditional tool called canting where hand-stamped batik is produced by stamping.

·         Third, merging the two together: It is the merging between them to create wax on the cloth by using the copper stamp to create a batik design, which makes it combine stamp and stamp to produce more distinctive designs.

Patek Berry Kissel

This is a still emerging institution located on the island of Madura, and it is basically a company specialized in making batik. This company was established in 2002 and its capital is estimated at 800,000 IDR. Wages are an obstacle considering it is not a monthly payment, but this system is in order to reduce costs and ensure excellent quality.

The method of work

Batik is an Indonesian technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to the whole cloth. This technique originated from the island of Java, Indonesia. Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a canting, or by printing the resist with a copper stamp called a cap.

The Step by Step Process of Making Batik

Step One in the batik making process: The first wax is applied over the penciled-in outline of the pattern. Almost always the original cloth is white or beige.

 

Step 2 in the batik making process: The cloth is dyed in the first dye bath. In this case the first dyebath is indigo blue. The area of the cloth where the wax was applied in Step 1 will remain white.

 

Step 3 in the batik making process: Second application of wax is applied. In this case it is a dark brown color. A poorer quality of wax is used to cover larger areas of cloth. The darker color helps to differentiate it from the first wax applied. Any parts that are covered with this wax application will remain the indigo color.

 

Step 4 in the batik making process: The cloth is dyed in the second dye bath. In this case it is a navy blue. Any areas that are not covered by wax will become dark blue.

 

Step 5 in the batik making process: All the wax that has been applied thus far is removed. This is done by heating the wax and scraping it off and also by applying hot water and sponging off the remaining wax.

 

Step 6 in the batik making process: Wax is applied to the area of the fabric that the artist wishes to remain the indigo blue color.          

Step 7 in the batik making process: Wax is applied to the area of the fabric that the artist wishes to remain white.

 

Step 8 in the batik making process: The fabric is submerged in the final dye bath. In this case it is brown. Any areas of the cloth that have not been covered with wax will become brown.

 

Step 9 in the batik making process: The finished cloth after all of the wax has been removed.

 

SWOT of the Batik

Strengths	Positive internal factors that a company can use to accomplish its mission, goals, and objectives.
Weaknesses	Negative internal factors that inhibit the accomplishment of a company’s mission, goals, and objectives.
Opportunities	Positive external option that a company can exploit to accomplish its mission, goals, and objectives.
Threats	Negative external forces that inhibit a company’s ability to achieve it mission, goals, and objectives.

What are the basic problems of the cooperative? and what is the solution?

The cooperative movement has, however, for a long period of time been burdened with serious weaknesses and problems. The three basic weaknesses are: the economic viability of the major activities undertaken, the cooperative leadership and management capacity, and the lack of democratic control by the members

 The solution

 The powerlessness to accomplish the agreeable arrangement when shortage is normal is especially upsetting since this is the place where human enduring is frequently incredible

Share your opinions and solutions to make the cooperative more attractive? Please answer in the comments column by including the student's blog address as a personal assignment.

The Co-employable Alliance characterizes an agreeable, or community, as "a self-sufficient relationship of people joined willfully to meet their regular monetary, social, and social necessities and yearnings through a mutually claimed and fairly controlled venture." at the end of the day, cooperatives are made by individuals who have a particular need and who are eager to cooperate to work and put together an organization that will address that issue.

on an untouchable, a helpful may look fundamentally the same as some other kind of company. For instance, if you somehow managed to visit a supermarket agreeable, all things considered, it will appear as though some other market. There will be passageways brimming with food and checkout registers where individuals can make their buys

However, if you somehow happened to look all the more carefully, or take a look in the background, you'd probably notice that the food center is run somewhat uniquely in contrast to a commonplace supermarket. For a certain something, all things considered, the individuals who are individuals from the agreeable, or part-proprietors of the community, are additionally working at the center, loading the racks and ringing clients up at the register.

For something else, a few cooperatives limit who can shop there or utilize their administrations. Sometimes, just individuals from an agreeable can shop at it. A few cooperatives are available to all, however give extraordinary motivators to individuals, for example, a rebate on items or administrations.

Final Exam

UNIVERSITY NAROTAMA

 

NAME OF STUDENT: Ala Yahya Alamrani

ID:01219173

• Q1:Explain the three dimensions of organization in relation to organizational behaviour?

1- Interpretation of organizational behaviour: When we seek to answer the question (why) an individual or group of individuals behaves in a certain way, we enter into the field of the goal of the interpretation of human behaviour, and this goal may be the least important of the three goals from the administration’s point of view, because it is after The occurrence of the matter or event, but despite this, understanding any phenomenon begins with trying to explain, then using this understanding to determine the cause of the behaviour, for example if a number of individuals with a high value to the organization submitted a request for collective resignation, the administration of course seeks to find the reason to determine whether It could have been avoided in the future, as individuals could leave work for many reasons, but when a high rate of leave is interpreted as a result of a low wage, or red tape at work, managers often can take appropriate corrective actions in the future.

2- Predicting behaviour: The prediction aims to focus on future events, as it seeks to determine the consequences of a particular behaviour, and depending on the information and knowledge available from the organizational behaviour, the manager can predict behavioural uses towards change, and the manager can by predicting the responses of individuals, To know the approaches that have the least degree of resistance of individuals to change, and then the manager can make his decisions in a correct way.

3- Control and control of behaviour: The goal of controlling and controlling organizational behaviour is one of the most important and difficult goals. When the manager thinks how he can make an individual make a greater effort at work, this manager is interested in controlling and controlling behaviour, and from the point of view of managers, the greatest A contribution to organizational behaviour, which is to achieve the goal of controlling and controlling behaviour, which leads to achieving the goal of efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of tasks.

• Q2: In theory, a bureaucracy has various characteristics that can be distinguished from other provisions of an organization. Some very important traits found in an organization are, mention it?

There are four main characteristics as follow:

1. Tradition

Tradition is an idea, belief, custom, habit, or ritual that has been handed down from generation to generation. In addition to being idea-based, tradition can also include material culture. i.e. You were poor because God wanted it that way, or you were part of the nobility because God wanted it that way. This wasn’t questioned it simply existed as such.

2.Rationality

In direct contrast to traditionality in society is rationality. You’re likely far more familiar with a rational organization in a rational worldview because it's what dominates society today. Rationality is defined as a calculated, practical way to look at the world, that is designed to accomplish tasks most efficiently.

3.Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy, or the bureaucratic organizational form, is considered to be the epitome of a rational world view. A bureaucracy is a model for an organization, designed to accomplish tasks the most efficient way possible.

4 Weber's Six Characteristics of Bureaucracy

Max Weber argued that the bureaucratic organizational form is characterized by six features: 1) Specialization and Division of Labor; 2) Hierarchical Authority Structures; 3) Rules and Regulations; 4) Technical Competence Guidelines; 5) Impersonality and Personal Indifference; 6) A Standard of Formal, Written Communications.

• Q3: The elements that are very instrumental in an organization and are very sure that a procedure is obeyed are the authority and sense of responsibility held by its officials. For this reason, Weber believes that an official can obtain authority by identifying the sources of his authority, among them are ...?

Weber’s Three Types of Authority

 Traditional Charismatic Legal-Rational

Source of Power Legitimized by long-standing custom Based on a leader’s personal qualities Authority resides in the office, not the person

Leadership Style Historic personality Dynamic personality Bureaucratic officials

Example Patriarchy (traditional positions of authority) Napoleon, Jesus Christ, Mother Teresa, Martin Luther King, Jr. U.S. presidency and Congress

Modern British Parliament

• Q4: Understanding the organization according to Nawawi, basically has 4 (four) main elements, isn't it?

Four common elements of an organization’s structure as followed:

1. Common Purpose

An organization without a clear purpose or mission soon begins to drift and become disorganized. A common purpose unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization’s direction.

2. Coordinated Effort

Coordinating effort involves working together in a way that maximizes resources. The common purpose is achieved through the coordinated effort of all individuals and groups within an organization.

3. Division of Labor

Division of labor is also known as work specification for greater efficiency. It involves delegating specific parts of a broader task to different people within the organization based upon their particular abilities and skills.

4. Hierarchy of Authority

Hierarchy of authority is essentially the chain of command a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time.

• Q5: Complete the Chart of Organizational Behaviour Models below?

• Q6: What are the basic human principles in Organizational Behavior according to Thoha?

1. People/ Employee:

The employee is one of the very important parts of an organization. There is no alternative in an organization without employees/people. Organizations and employees are connected to each other and it will remain forever.

2. Structure:

This is the second step in organizational behavior. Actually, Structure means the formal relationship with on the job employee of an organization. There is created different types of position for doing work nicely in the organization.

3. Technology:

Technology is a very important primary aspect of organizational structure in the modern age. Technology supplies essential resources and equipment to the employee for doing their work efficiently. Thus, technology affects their activity.

4. Social System:

Everything around us is society and everyone in social lives together. The social system determines the organizational work environment and from which the organization can operate.

5. Environment:

There is no organization where they can survive alone. Every organization has to work on the internal and external environment. Management has to come near to all the staff to maintain a good working environment.

• Q7: Social Effects of Good Organizational Behavior based on activities, interactions, and sentiments (feelings or emotions). Are there three elements which are directly related to each other, mentioned and explained? 

• Organizational Culture

Organizational culture consists of values and motives that contribute to the environment within an organization. It influences the way people work and interact with each other. Employees become more responsible when they feel respected and become an integral part of the team.

• Incentive System

Employees tend to feel more motivated when there is a solid reward system. Once this effective system is established, it is necessary to reward employees who perform well. They should be consistently applied within the company.

• Decision Making

Organizational behavior changes the way people make decisions. Businesses that are able to encourage risks in decision making within the company culture can enhance innovation and creativity. Effective communication allows managers and employees to understand the business context and provides the opportunity for employees to get involved.

• Q8: Sociologists and psychologists who study social behavior from people in organizations identify some differences from the type of a group. Mention it?

The differences between the Sociologists and psychologists:

First the Sociology: Examines human social systems, like groups, societies and organizations, ranging from groups as small as a family to those as large as an entire religion. As a sociology student, you may examine various groups from different perspectives, like race, social class or religion. Sociology is rooted in research, and students can expect to learn research techniques with broad applications. For example, a sociology student may study the culture of prison inmates, corporate decision-making approaches, or family life in a religious group.

Second the Psychology: Uses an analytical lens to understand human behavior. Like sociology, many of the skills a student obtains from a psychology degree have very broad applications. Psychology students will learn how to diagnose and treat psychological disorders, assess learning disabilities, and understand racial and gender identity. Psychology blends these analytical skills with critical thinking to both understand behavior and treat it.

• Q9: According to Gito Sudarmo (2000: 66) group performance can be influenced by two things, namely external factors and internal factors, mention?

• External Factors Affecting an Organization

External factors that affect an organization may be political, economic, social or technological. The same internal factors that lead to an organization's success inevitably characterize that organization's relationship to the external environment in these broad areas.

An organization with a clear sense of mission, for example, can explain itself better to the world and can align itself with the positive elements in each area.

• Internal Factors: Mission

Why does an organization exist? What is its purpose? Answering these fundamental questions describes an organization's mission. A successful organization has a clear sense of its ultimate purpose and knows how it intends to fulfil that purpose.

Steve Jobs' original mission statement for Apple is a great example that describes in a few words both the company's ultimate goal, "To make a contribution to the world," and how it intends to reach that goal, "by making tools for the mind that advance humankind."